The Impact of Trade Barriers on Global Industrial Chains in the Context of Deglobalization: A Multi - Case Analysis of the New Energy, Chip, and Semiconductor Industries

Abstract

In the context of the ongoing deglobalization trend, which has led to a rise in protectionist policies, trade barriers have become a crucial factor affecting global industrial chains, and this paper conducts in-depth research against this backdrop, especially hitting hard the new energy, chip, and semiconductor industries. This paper focuses on the impact mechanisms and potential countermeasures for these industries. Tariff barriers increase product costs, weaken competitiveness, and disrupt the industrial chain layout. Technological barriers set high entry requirements, restricting market access and innovation. Policy barriers distort market signals, raise uncertainties, and force the reconfiguration of technology-intensive industrial chains. It also studies the mechanism of industrial chain disruption and ways to build an industrial security protection system. A mixed-research method is used. A "policy shock - cost transmission - network deconstruction" model is constructed. The DID method assesses tariff policy effects, SNA measures technological barrier impacts, and fsQCA explores trade barrier synergies. This research finds that tariff barriers increase new-energy enterprise costs by 15.7%, technological barriers reduce chip industry R&D efficiency by 32.4%, and policy barriers cut semiconductor industry investment by 41.3%. Technology-intensive industrial chains have "doublevulnerability", with a disruption risk 2.8 times that of traditional industries. The study offers a theoretical framework for global industrial chain reconstruction and has policy value for industrial security.