Research On Urban Charging Pile Layout Based on Hierarchical Analysis and Facility Location Optimization --A Specific Region in China

Abstract

As China's new energy vehicle industry rapidly evolves, Panyu District in Guangzhou City, a central urban region serving residential, commercial, and transportation purposes, is encountering issues related to uneven distribution of charging facilities and inadequate service efficiency. This study provides a systematic solution that combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a facility placement optimization model, focusing on the scientific assessment and enhancement of the charging facility layout. The charging pile evaluation system is developed using multi-source data for layout assessment, with indicator weights defined by the AHP model. The findings indicate that Site D achieved a total score of 90 points, attributed to its exceptional performance in distribution density and coverage. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed for optimal site selection using GIS data, revealing that the second location excels across several indicators and exhibits the most advantageous layout. The sensitivity analysis indicates that increasing the number of sites from 3 to 5, while maintaining the same coverage radius, can enhance the number of individuals covered by up to 22.2 percent. This study assesses the adequacy of the current charging infrastructure in Panyu District, Guangzhou City, and recommends an optimal location strategy for charging pile stations, which is crucial for achieving the objectives of urban planning in the relevant locations.